Farmyard Manure (FYM) گوبر کی کھاد
The traditional bulky manure — low nutrients, high soil-conditioning value.
Почему диапазон, а не число
If you searched for the FYM NPK ratio, the verified ranges in the table above are the honest answer — there is no single fixed number, because every heap differs with feed, litter, urine capture and storage. Typical range only. TNAU reports well-decomposed FYM at 0.5% N, 0.2% P2O5, 0.5% K2O; the FAO fertilizer glossary widens this to 0.5–1.0% N, 0.15–0.20% P2O5, 0.5–0.6% K2O. Your heap depends on animal feed, litter, urine capture and storage — only ~30% of its nitrogen is available to the first crop (TNAU). Get a lab analysis for precision dosing.
Источник диапазона: agritech.tnau.ac.in
What it is
Farmyard manure is the decomposed mixture of cattle dung and urine with litter and leftover fodder. It is the most widely used bulky organic manure in South Asia, but its nutrient concentration is roughly one-hundredth of urea's: it is a soil conditioner that also carries some nutrients, not a concentrated nutrient source.
Benefits
- Improves soil structure, water-holding capacity and microbial activity
- Supplies secondary and micronutrients alongside NPK
- Long residual effect — feeds subsequent crops, not just the first
- Widely available on-farm at low cash cost
Precautions
- Very low nutrient density: supplying 100 kg N/ha needs 10–20 t/ha of FYM
- Only ~30% of nitrogen is available to the first crop; the rest mineralizes slowly
- Poorly stored or fresh manure can carry weed seeds and immobilize soil nitrogen
- Cannot be precision-dosed without a lab analysis of your specific heap
Application guidance
TNAU extension guidance: apply 10–20 t/ha of well-rotted FYM before sowing (at least 15 days before for heavy rates), spread and incorporate by ploughing immediately — do not leave it in small heaps in the field, which loses nutrients. Partially rotted FYM should go on 3–4 weeks before sowing.